Roll-molding

ABSTRACT

Discrete male touch fastener elements are molded of thermoplastic resin extending from a common, flexible base sheet, by introducing molten resin to a molding nip between two counter-rotating rolls consisting of a mold roll and a pressure roll arranged such that their rotation axes are parallel and together define a common plane containing each of the rotation axes. Solidified resin is stripped from molding cavities of the mold roll after the cavities have passed a rotating reaction roll forming a pressure nip with the mold roll. The reaction roll is spaced from the pressure roll by a distance less than an outer diameter of the mold roll, and the mold roll is simultaneously held against both the pressure roll and the reaction roll in a non-planar roll stack.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to equipment and methods for making longitudinally continuous products with arrays of molded projections, such as touch fastener elements.

BACKGROUND

Roll-molding processes are employed to mold resin into various products, including to mold continuous flexible strips of resin with arrays of projections extending from one side of a base layer. Roll-molding processes involving particularly viscous resins, such as for molding touch fastener hooks of reasonable strength, can require substantial nip pressures. Typically, resin is introduced to a nip between two rolls driven to counter-rotate, or injected under high pressure directly against a mold roll surface. High nip pressures can require significant forces to be applied to the rolls to force them against the resin at the nip. To avoid damaging roll surfaces, such pressure must typically not be applied without resin in the nip between the rolls. Hydraulic cylinders are sometimes used to force the rolls together to create nip pressure. Changing mold rolls can require significant time and expense.

Improvements in roll-molding methods, and in the equipment for performing such methods, are desired.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the invention features a method of molding discrete features of thermoplastic resin that extend from a common, flexible base sheet. The method includes introducing molten resin to a molding nip between two counter-rotating rolls that consist of a mold roll and a pressure roll. Each of the mold roll and pressure roll define a respective rotation axis about which they rotate. The mold roll and pressure roll are arranged such that their rotation axes are parallel and together define a common plane containing each of the rotation axes. The method further includes filling, with the introduced resin under pressure applied at the molding nip, molding cavities that extend into the mold roll as the mold roll rotates. The method further includes solidifying resin in the filled molding cavities and stripping the solidified resin from the molding cavities as the mold roll continues to rotate. The solidified resin is stripped from the molding cavities after the filled molding cavities have passed a rotating reaction roll that forms a pressure nip with the mold roll. The reaction roll is spaced from the pressure roll by a distance less than an outer diameter of the mold roll and rotates about an axis spaced from the common plane. In addition, the mold roll is simultaneously held against both the pressure roll and the reaction roll while the resin solidifies through more than 180 degrees of mold roll rotation before being stripped.

In some examples, the method further includes introducing a pre-formed sheet material into the pressure nip with the molten resin, such that the sheet material is laminated to the resin in the pressure nip and is carried about the mold roll with the solidifying resin and stripped from the mold roll with the solidified resin. In some arrangements, the molten resin is introduced continuously to the nip and forms a longitudinally continuous layer laminated to the sheet material. In some examples, the molten resin is introduced in multiple parallel flows to one or more pressure nips and forms multiple layers of resin spaced apart across the sheet material. In some examples, the sheet material includes a fabric. In some examples, the fabric comprises a non-woven fabric. In some examples, the fabric has a surface that has hook-engageable fibers, and the method further includes forming fiber-engaging structures from resin solidified in the molding cavities.

In some cases the cavities are arranged in an array about a peripheral surface of the mold roll.

In some examples, the cavities are each shaped to mold at least a stem of a fiber-engaging structure.

In some arrangements, the introduced resin forms a layer disposed on a peripheral surface of the mold roll interconnects the filled cavities. The layer solidifies and passes through the pressure nip before being stripped from the peripheral surface.

In some cases, the mold roll is a non-driven roll rotated by torque imposed at one or more of the pressure and molding nips.

In some examples, the pressure and mold rolls are arranged such that the common plane is essentially horizontal and the molten resin is fed to the molding nip by gravity from an exposed extrusion nozzle.

Preferably the mold roll is simultaneously held against both the pressure roll and the reaction roll while the resin solidifies through between 190 and 300 degrees of mold roll rotation before being stripped.

Another aspect of the invention features a fastener product molding apparatus with a mold roll rotatable about a mold roll axis, having an outer surface and defining discrete molding cavities extending into the mold roll from the outer surface. The apparatus also has a first pressure roll rotatable about an axis parallel to the mold roll axis and defining together with the mold roll a molding nip, and a second pressure roll rotatable about an axis parallel to the mold roll axis and defining together with the mold roll a pressure nip. The apparatus includes a resin nozzle arranged to supply a flow of molten resin that is pulled into the pressure nip by rotation of at least the first pressure roll, such that the resin fills the cavities of the mold roll under pressure of the molding nip to form discrete projections extending from a layer of the resin that is carried on the mold roll surface through the pressure nip. A frame supports the mold roll and is adapted to apply a load to urge the mold roll toward both the first and second pressure rolls to maintain pressure in the molding and pressure nips.

In some embodiments, the mold roll and the first and second pressure rolls are arranged such that the layer of resin is carried on the mold roll through more than 180 degrees of mold roll rotation, preferably between 190 and 300 degrees of mold roll rotation before being stripped.

In some examples, the mold roll is driven to rotate only by forces supplied by rotation of one or both of the first and second pressure rolls.

In some cases, the mold roll and the frame are portions of a first molding module and the apparatus also includes one or more additional molding modules, each with a respective additional mold roll (having an outer surface and defining discrete molding cavities extending into the second mold roll), and a respective additional frame supporting the additional mold roll and adapted to apply a load to urge the additional mold roll toward both the first and second pressure rolls, to apply pressure at additional respective molding nips defined between the additional mold rolls and the first pressure roll, and at additional respective pressure nips defined between the additional mold rolls and the second pressure roll.

In some instances, the resin nozzle is configured to supply the molten resin in multiple parallel flows to one or more pressure nips to form multiple layers of resin spaced apart across the apparatus.

In some embodiments, the molten resin is supplied as a continuous stream to form a longitudinally continuous layer on the outer surface of the mold roll. In some other cases, the resin is supplied in discrete quantities, to be laminated to a substrate in the molding nip(s) as a series of discrete islands of resin, each carrying respective projections formed in the cavities.

In some cases, the outer surface of the mold roll is formed by peripheral edges of multiple plates stacked along the mold roll axis.

Various implementations of the invention can be configured so as to enable efficient setup and reconfiguration of molding systems, including readily separating roll stacks for changing mold rolls and/or inserting or changing webs on which resin is to be molded. Aligning an entry nip so as to receive molten resin dropping vertically into the nip can facilitate the use of resins of lower velocities and/or discontinuous flows without requiring upstream deposition of resin onto a surface against which the resin may start to chill prior to molding, and maintaining the molding resin on the mold roll through more than half of a roll rotation and applying significant nip pressure to the solidified resin just before extraction can help maintain quality at even higher run speeds. Furthermore, applying mold roll driving torque through the thin layer of molten resin in the nip can develop significant shear stress profiles within the resin that may lead, in combination with the normal pressure profile within the nip, to advantageous cavity filling and flow characteristics. Other advantages will also be evident from the following description of examples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a molding apparatus having two molding modules.

FIG. 1B is a side elevation view of the molding apparatus of FIG. 1A and a method for laminating resin onto a pleated product.

FIG. 1C is an enlarged view of area 1C in FIG. 1B.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a section of the molding apparatus of FIG. 1A with the molding modules in a disengaged position.

FIG. 2A shows an alternate arrangement with a single wide mold roll, in an engaged position.

FIG. 3A is a perspective front view of a molding module assembly.

FIG. 3B is a perspective back view of the molding module assembly of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the molding apparatus, showing an extrusion head attached to the molding module.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus and method for positioning a rotatable roller with respect to a pair of processing rollers for molding resin.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged, partial cross-section view through the rotatable roller, showing molding cavities.

FIG. 7 is a partial front view of the rotatable roller showing rings that form the molding cavities.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a deflector shoe.

FIG. 9 shows a section of a molding module with a pair of deflector shoes mounted on a frame of the molding module, with each shoe secured to one side of the rotatable roller.

FIG. 10 illustrates the use of the removable deflector shoes.

FIG. 11 shows a resulting fastener product.

Common reference numbers in different figures indicate similar or identical elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1A, a molding apparatus 10 for producing fastener products features two molding modules 100 a and 100 b inside a processing enclosure 16. Each molding module includes a base 102, a frame 104, a rotatable roller 106, a resin extrusion head 112, and a linear actuator 108 (e.g., a drive cylinder). The molding modules 100 a and 100 b are positioned to mold resin in collaboration with a pair of spaced-apart, fixed-axis processing rollers 12 and 14. The processing rollers 12 and 14 are mounted on chamber 16 and are driven about their respective axes by a motor 28 such as a direct drive motor, a belt drive motor, or a combination of the two. Each roller can be driven by a respective motor. The processing rollers form a gap between them, through which gap molding modules 100 a and 100 b extend. During operation, structural base 102 is fixed in position with respect to the processing rollers axes, while frame 104 can move along the length of base 102. Each base 102 is slidably mounted on a bench 26 that is fixed to chamber 16, allowing its respective molding module to be moved in a lateral direction parallel to the rotation axes of the processing rollers. While only two modules are shown in this example, molding apparatus 10 may include more than two molding modules, such as three, four, or even five or more modules.

Referring also to FIGS. 1B and 1C, molding apparatus 10 defines a processing direction 25 and performs a continuous extrusion/roll-forming method for forming fastener elements 20 on an integral, resin sheet-form base 19. Extrusion head 112 is attached to a bottom end of base 102 and supplies a sheet of molten resin (not shown) to a pressure zone or molding nip 22 defined between rotatable roller 106 and processing roller 12, which functions both as a reaction surface and a drive roll.

Rotatable roller 106 is attached to a distal end of frame 104, and by operation of the frame the roller 106 is movable toward and away from both rollers 12 and 14. Rotatable roller 106 (sometimes referred to herein as mold roll), defines an array of miniature, molding cavities extending inward from its periphery 111 for molding fastener elements 20. The pressure in nip 22 forces resin to enter and fill the exposed molding cavities, while excess resin forms base 19 on the peripheral surface of the mold roll and interconnects the filled cavities that form fastener elements 20. Mold roll 106 is continuously cooled, e.g., by controlled flow of coolant through its interior, heat is extracted from the product as the product passes through first nip 22 and travels to a second nip 24 between mold roll 106 and processing roller 14, which functions as a counter-rotating drive roll. Alternatively, processing rollers 12 and 14, or an external source, can provide cooling to the molten resin, as the only cooling source or in collaboration with mold roll 106. The heat removal solidifies fastener elements 20 (e.g., hooks), subsequently allowing elements 20 to be peeled from their fixed cavities by drive roll 14, also referred to as a take-off roll. Hooks 20 are then leveled uniformly by a knock-down roller 114 attached to structural base 102. Alternatively, mold roll 106 can be configured to form arrays of projections (e.g., straight stems) extending from base 19 that are peeled from the cavities of mold roll 106 and plastically deformed by a knock-down roller to form the fastener elements.

Referring also to FIG. 2, in a non-operating position the molding modules 100 a and 100 b are disengaged from processing rollers 12 and 14. To disengage molding modules 100 a and 100 b, each frame 104 a and 104 b independently moves along its respective base 102 a and 102 b to position the mold rolls 106 a and 106 b away from the processing rollers 12 and 14. As shown in FIG. 2A, a single, wide mold roll 106′ can be employed in place of the multiple narrower mold rolls, and moved into and out of an operating position in engagement with the processing rollers on a single carriage. Roll 106′ may define arrays of fastener element cavities across its entire working width, or may define cavities only in spaced-apart narrow widths. Other than not allowing for independent adjustment of roll positions and nip pressures in different regions of the apparatus, the wide mold roll arrangement of FIG. 2A may otherwise be configured to operate as the separate mold roll arrangements described herein.

As shown in FIG. 1B, a substrate 18, shown in dashed lines, may be trained about the rollers in order to mold resin on a surface of substrate 18. Substrate 18 is preferably a non-woven fabric. To start up the machine, frame 104 moves mold roll 106 away from processing rollers 12 and 14, and substrate 18 is then positioned about the processing rollers and mold roll 106, extending in the processing direction 25. When frame 104 moves mold roll 106 in position against pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14, with resin between the rollers in the nips, the apparatus is configured to mold fastener elements while laminating resin base 19 to the surface of substrate 18. Substrate 18 is laminated to the resin in pressure nip 22 and is carried about mold roll 106 with the solidifying resin. Substrate 18 is then stripped from mold roll 106 at nip 24 with the solidified resin, and exits molding apparatus 10 as the fastener product shown in FIG. 1C.

Pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14 rotate in the same direction and, when in engagement with mold roll 106, both rollers drive mold roll 106 to rotate. Mold roll 106 is a passive roller, only rotating by movement of pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14. Drive roll 14 engages outer surface 111 of mold roll 106 through resin base 19 on outer surface 111, and pressure roll 12 engages mold roll 106 through the resin dropped into nip 22. When molding on a substrate, the rollers also engage through the thickness of the substrate in the nips. As shown in FIG. 2, when the frame is extended, the mold roll is spaced from the processing rollers and readily accessible to be changed or serviced. This position also allows other components of apparatus 10 such as the processing rollers 12 and 14 or the frames to be serviced or removed for maintenance, or for a substrate to be threaded between the rolls during setup.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2, pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14 have generally the same length, both rollers being longer than mold roll 106 and knock-down roll 114. Each molding module 100 a and 100 b is relatively narrow, and, each can be moved independently in a lateral direction parallel to its mold roll axis. This movement is preferably done with the mold roll retracted, but can also be done during molding. This flexibility allows each mold roll 106 a and 106 b to be placed in different locations along the length of pressure roll 12, so that each module can apply resin at any selected position across the width of one or more substrate sheets.

Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, molding module 100 has a structural base 102 with a U-shaped channel with two opposite walls 101 a and 101 b, a bottom plate 115 connecting both sides at a distal, bottom end, and a pair of linear bearings 117 attached to the back of the U-shaped channel. Each wall 101 a and 101 b defines an open slot 107 in the middle, and a corner piece 129 attached at a distal, upper end. At one end of open slot 107, each wall 101 a and 101 b forms an L-shaped structure 118 connected to a linking arm 116 that carries the knock-down roll 114. Base 102 has a rail connection (not shown) between both walls 101 a and 101 b that receives frame 104. Linear bearings 117 are configured to be slidably retained within rails of bench 26 (as in FIG. 1A), and together form a linear bearing guide that allows the molding module 100 to move laterally.

Knock-down roll 114 is mounted on linking arm 116 that is connected to base 102. Linking arm 116 biases knock-down roll 114 downward against the take-off roll by virtue of a spring loaded shaft connection 154 with internal torsion springs and/or linear springs, with a positive stop that can be adjusted to set a desired gap. The pressure applied by knock-down roll 114 to the drive roll pushes down against the fastener elements to level them, making the fastener product more uniform. Knock-down roll 114 need only be of sufficient width to engage the fastener elements molded by mold roll 106.

Corner piece 129 is made of a rigid material such as carbon steel and features two exposed surfaces: a side surface 126 and back surface 128, defining between them a corner 130. Side surface 126 and back surface 128 are both straight, with back surface 128 being generally perpendicular to side surface 126. Alternatively, back surface 128 can be curved or otherwise profiled, and/or extend in a different direction, such as forming an obtuse or an acute angle with side surface 126. Corner piece 129 is permanently secured to the rest of base 102.

Frame 104 has three parts: an internal rail 103 and two external mounting arms 105. Internal rail 103 is a long plate that has a top end with a pin block 138 extending beyond the edges of mounting arms 105 when assembled. On a back surface, internal rail 103 defines linear bearing rail connections (not shown) to slidably connect to base 102. A wider part of internal rail 103 extends beyond slots 107 when assembled. Each mounting arm 105 of the frame has recesses 105 a for receiving screws to connect to internal rail 103. One mounting arm 105 connects to each side of internal rail 103 such that internal rail 103 is disposed inside base 102 and mounting arms 105 are disposed outside the base. This connection constrains frame 104 against relative motion other than in a direction parallel to side surface 126 of base 102, along the length of the slot.

In addition, molding module 100 includes a lever arm 110 that has a first pivot hole 136 for connecting to pin block 138 and a second pivot hole 134 for connecting to drive cylinder 108. Lever arm 110 also has one end connected to a pair of cam roller bearings 132, such as needle bearings. Roller bearings 132 are coaxially connected to lever arm 110, with one roller bearing 132 on each side of lever arm 110. Pivot hole 136 is located between second pivot hole 134 and roller bearings 132 along the length of the lever arm. The shape of lever arm 110 can be altered to adapt for different connections with the drive cylinder, rail connection block and/or roller bearings 132. Alternatively, instead of roller bearings 132, lever arm 110 can include cam rollers or a different object with a bearing surface, including a fixed bearing (cam) surface. Lever arm 110 also includes an additional roller bearing 148 coupled to the second pivot 134, to contact a lever support 146 of base 102.

In addition, molding module 100 features drive cylinder 108 that is pivotally coupled to base 102. Drive cylinder 108 has a cylinder rod 142 and a cylinder barrel 122. Barrel 122 is pivotally connected to base 102 at a pivot coupling between L-shaped structures 118, and rod 142 is pinned to lever arm 110 at second pivot hole 134. Alternatively, drive cylinder 108 can be mounted in the opposite direction, with rod 142 connected to the base and barrel 122 connected to lever arm 110, disposed above the lever arm, on an opposite side of the lever arm as the mold roll. Drive cylinder 108 may be any type of controllable linear actuator, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder actuated under fluid pressure, a ball screw actuator, or a linear motor.

To move frame 104 along base 102, drive cylinder 108 is actuated to move lever arm 110, which travels along corner piece 129. Starting when drive cylinder is in a retracted position, lever arm 110 is positioned longitudinally parallel to side surface 126. When drive cylinder 108 extends cylinder rod 142, roller bearings 132 roll along corner piece 129, moving from side surface 126, around the corner 130, to back surface 128 of corner piece 129. During this motion, lever arm 110 moves frame 104 with respect to base 102 over a linear stroke of drive cylinder 108 that moves second pivot 134 along a continuous motion path. More specifically, as lever arm 110 moves over the linear stroke of cylinder 108, frame moves mold roll 106 toward pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14 (FIG. 1B), applying pressure to both rollers 12 and 14. This happens in a two-step process, starting with the frame 104 extended and the mold roll disengaged (as in FIG. 2). First, motion along a first path segment of the lever arm brings mold roll 106 into close proximity with pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14, under no appreciable resistance. Second, as drive cylinder 108 continues to extend, moving the lever arm along a second path segment and continuing to raise the rail member, mold roll 106 is moved into closer proximity with pressure roll 12, but at a slower rate. Once in position for molding, mold roll 12 can apply sufficiently leveraged force to resin in the molding nip to generate the necessary nip pressure to fill the mold cavities and to generate enough torque from rotation of the driven rolls to cause rotation of the mold roll. During molding, nip pressure can be controlled by cylinder motion, increasing nip pressure by extending cylinder rod 142 and decreasing nip pressure by retracting cylinder rod 142. Further details of the cylinder operation and related linkage can be found in U.S. Application Number ______, entitled “Linear Actuator Leverage” and filed on the same day herewith, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

Lever support 146 helps lever arm 110 move along a continuous motion path, as lever arm 110 moves from the first path segment to the second path segment by allowing cam roller 148 of lever arm 110 to bear against support 146 when roller bearings 132 move along corner 130. Support 146 is fixed at a distance from side surface 126, ‘pushing’ lever arm 110 toward back surface 128 when lever arm 110 is pivoting to move past corner 130 to the second path segment.

Referring now to FIG. 4, extrusion head 112 is connected to a bottom end of base 102, between mounting arms 105 of frame 104. Extrusion head 112 includes a nozzle 112 a for introducing molten resin to molding nip 22. The position of head 112 is adjustable such as to position nozzle 112 a directly above nip 22, such that the extruded molten resin falls vertically into nip 22 under the force of gravity. Alternatively, head 112 can be positioned to drop the molten resin onto a surface of pressure roll 12 or the surface of mold roll 106, to be carried into nip 22 by rotation of the rollers. Head 112 can be configured to introduce molten resin continuously or, when using a substrate, in a series of discrete amounts, to form islands spaced apart longitudinally over the substrate to form an interrupted strip of fastener elements.

Referring to FIG. 6, mold roll 106 includes fixed molding cavities 111 a for molding resin, and its periphery is made out of rings, as shown in FIG. 7. Fixed molding cavities 111 a extend inward from periphery 111 of mold roll 106. Cavities 111 a have a shape specifically designed to facilitate both complete filling of the cavities as well as relatively easy removal of the solidified fastener elements 20. Cavities 111 a are configured so that removing or peeling away fastener elements 20 can be done without opening cavities 111 a. Each cavity 111 a includes a throat 111 b having an inwardly tapered configuration, which opens toward periphery 111, such as to allow the removal of fastener element 20 from cavities 111 a without breaking or substantially deforming fastener elements 20.

As shown in FIG. 7, mold roll 106 includes concentric etched or engraved rings 170, and substantially flat spacer rings 172, which together define molding cavities 111 a within which fastener elements are formed. In this example, each of rings 170 and 172 is provided with an outside diameter of about 250 mm, and a thickness of about 0.15 to 1.0 mm. The cavities may only partially extend through a given ring, or may extend fully through a ring and bounded by adjacent surfaces of spacer rings.

FIG. 5 shows mold roll 106 in position to mold fastener elements, cooperatively engaged with the surfaces of both pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14. Mold roll 106 and pressure roll 12 each have a respective rotation axis, with both axes being parallel and lying in a common horizontal plane ‘g’, such that nip 22 is symmetric about a vertical plane for receiving molten resin dropped from the extrusion nozzle. Alternatively, plane g can be tilted to suit a different configuration of apparatus 10. Each of rolls 12 and 14 has a diameter of, for example, 250 mm, with a distance ‘f’ between the rotation axes of pressure roll 12 and drive roll 14 of, for example, 438 mm. Wrap angle α is defined from the centers of nips 22 and 24 (where lines connecting the roll centers cross the nips) and represents the included angle of the portion of the mold roll surface over which the resin is cooled and solidified. As mold roll 106 rotates counterclockwise during the molding process, the resin is sufficiently cooled from molding nip 22 to second nip 24 to be stripped out from cavities 111 a by drive roll 14. Angle α is preferably between 190° and 300°, such as 240°. As the mold roll is urged toward the pressure and drive rolls during molding, the minimum gap between the pressure and drive rolls will be necessarily less than the diameter of the drive roll, and angle α will be always greater than 180°. With wrap angle α having a value of 240°, for example, and mold roll 106 having a radius of 250 mm, for example, circumferential cooling distance e is 531 mm. This implementation allows the product on mold roll 106 to be carried for a longer time, in comparison to an aligned roll stack where angle α is 180°. The greater angle α, the more heat may be removed from the product, enabling higher run speeds.

Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, a deflector shoe 180 has a circular plate 184 with a cylindrical opened ring 182 coupled to the periphery of plate 184. Ring 182 has an uniformly continuous outer surface with a thickness ‘t’ of approximately 25 to 75 millimeters (optimally, sized to fill most of the spacing between adjacent mold rolls) and a diameter similar to the diameter of mold roll 106, and extends about ¾ of the way around the shoe. In some cases, the shoe diameter can be smaller than the diameter of mold roll 106. As shown in FIG. 9, cylindrical opened ring 182 is configured to receive an end of mounting arm 105, allowing plate 184 to couple to frame 104 adjacent mold roll 106. Shoe 180 forms a narrow gap 196 with mold roll 106. As shown in FIG. 8, circular plate 184 has some slots that receive fasteners for connecting to frame 104, and other slots arranged to permit access to a side of mold roll 106 when shoe 180 is mounted on frame 104. For example, an open square slot 190 and an L-shaped slot 192 allow access to a side of mold roll 106 for maintenance, disassembly, or feeding mold roll 106 with a cooling fluid. Small L-shaped slots 188 and holes 194 receive fasteners for connecting shoe 180 to frame 104, as shown in FIG. 9. In this example, fasteners 199 are conventional screws and fasteners 198 are spring loaded fasteners that, when connected, allow shoe 180 to be temporarily separated from the frame after conventional screws 199 have been taken out or loosen. This is useful when spring fasteners 198 are not readily accessible, allowing the assembly to be disconnected and/or easily accessed for maintenance. Details of spring fasteners 198 can be found in U.S. application Ser. No. 15/728,630, entitled “Threaded Fastening” and filed on Oct. 10, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

Referring to FIG. 10, three molding modules 100 a, 100 b, and 100 c with shoes 180 are spaced apart laterally and aligned along a direction perpendicular to the processing direction for molding resin onto a substrate. For clarity, the respective knock-down rollers of each module, and the drive roll, are not shown. A substrate feeder 204, such as a roll of substrate, feeds a flexible substrate 200 into the pressure zones 22, for lamination of molten resin 202 onto substrate 200. The lamination takes place in the pressure zones 22 during molding of resin 202 in the arrays of mold cavities. Each molding module molds a strip of resin 202, molding together three strips of resin onto substrate 200. The removable deflector shoes 180 are secured to respective frames 104 a, 104 b, and 104 c, and are placed on each side of mold rolls 106 a, 106 b, and 106 c. Shoes 180 are arranged to limit separation of substrate 200 from pressure roll 12 as the substrate passes through the nips, keeping substrate 200 from creasing between the mold rolls. The adjacent shoes 180 that are attached to separate molding modules are separated by a module separation gap ‘c’ of between 1.0 and 5.0 mm, with the spacing ‘a’ and ‘b’ between longitudinal centers of adjacent mold rolls, for example 160 mm respectively. Distances ‘a’ and ‘b’ can be the same, or the width of each module and/or the separation gaps can be varied to position the mold rolls as desired for different applications. In addition, shoes 180 can be selectively removed, such as to allow creasing or puckering of substrate 200 in selected areas between pressure zones. In cases where two lanes of fastener resin are required very close to each other on a substrate, a corresponding single module can be provided with a roll of multiple cavity regions, with a die that provides corresponding, spaced streams of resin to the cavity regions.

The above methods and apparatus can be used to manufacture longitudinally continuous, flexible fastener products, either as independent strips of resin or as a flexible web carrying fastening elements on one side. For example, FIG. 11 shows a flexible sheet-form fastener product 210 in the form of a pre-formed sheet material 212 that has been fed into the pressure nip with the molten resin, such that the sheet material is laminated to the resin in the pressure nip and is carried about the mold roll with the solidifying resin and stripped from the mold roll with the solidified resin, such that the resin forms longitudinal lanes 214 running the length of the material and separated by exposed regions of material. Each resin lane carries an array of fastener elements molded in cavities of one or more mold rolls. To make the product shown, the molten resin is introduced in multiple parallel flows to one or more pressure nips and forms multiple layers of resin spaced apart across the sheet material. The sheet material 212 may be a fabric, such as a non-woven fabric, and may have hook-engageable fibers. Fiber-engaging structures such as hooks may be formed from resin solidified in the molding cavities of the mold roll(s), either by molding the structures to be fiber-engaging, or by molding preforms that are subsequently plastically deformed to form fiber-engaging structures. For example, the mold cavities may each be shaped to mold a stem, and ends of the molded stems may then be deformed to form heads of fiber-engaging structures.

While a number of examples have been described for illustration purposes, the foregoing description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. There are and will be other examples and modifications within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of molding discrete features of thermoplastic resin extending from a common, flexible base sheet, the method comprising introducing molten resin to a molding nip between two counter-rotating rolls consisting of a mold roll and a pressure roll, each of the mold roll and pressure roll defining and rotatable about a respective rotation axis, the mold roll and pressure roll arranged such that their rotation axes are parallel and together define a common plane containing each of the rotation axes; filling, with the introduced resin under pressure applied at the molding nip, molding cavities extending into the mold roll as the mold roll rotates; solidifying resin in the filled molding cavities, and then stripping the solidified resin from the molding cavities as the mold roll continues to rotate; wherein the solidified resin is stripped from the molding cavities after the filled molding cavities have passed a rotating reaction roll forming a pressure nip with the mold roll, the reaction roll spaced from the pressure roll by a distance less than an outer diameter of the mold roll and rotatable about an axis spaced from the common plane; and wherein the mold roll is simultaneously held against both the pressure roll and the reaction roll while the resin solidifies through more than 180 degrees of mold roll rotation before being stripped.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising introducing a pre-formed sheet material into the pressure nip with the molten resin, such that the sheet material is laminated to the resin in the pressure nip and is carried about the mold roll with the solidifying resin and stripped from the mold roll with the solidified resin.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the molten resin is introduced continuously to the nip and forms a longitudinally continuous layer laminated to the sheet material.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the molten resin is introduced in multiple parallel flows to one or more pressure nips and forms multiple layers of resin spaced apart across the sheet material.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the sheet material comprises a fabric.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fabric comprises a non-woven fabric, the method comprising causing molten resin to encapsulate surface fibers of the non-woven fabric as the molding cavities are filled.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the fabric has a surface comprising hook-engageable fibers, the method further comprising forming fiber-engaging structures from resin solidified in the molding cavities.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cavities are arranged in an array about a peripheral surface of the mold roll.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cavities are each shaped to mold at least a stem of a fiber-engaging structure.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the introduced resin forms a layer disposed on a peripheral surface of the mold roll and interconnecting the filled cavities, the layer solidifying and passing through the pressure nip before being stripped from the peripheral surface.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mold roll is a non-driven roll rotated by torque imposed at one or more of the pressure and molding nips.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure and mold rolls are arranged such that the common plane is essentially horizontal, the molten resin being fed to the molding nip by gravity from an exposed extrusion nozzle.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the mold roll is simultaneously held against both the pressure roll and the reaction roll while the resin solidifies through between 190 and 300 degrees of mold roll rotation before being stripped.
 14. A fastener product molding apparatus comprising a mold roll rotatable about a mold roll axis, having an outer surface and defining discrete molding cavities extending into the mold roll from the outer surface; a first pressure roll rotatable about an axis parallel to the mold roll axis and defining together with the mold roll a molding nip; a second pressure roll rotatable about an axis parallel to the mold roll axis and defining together with the mold roll a pressure nip; a resin nozzle arranged to supply a flow of molten resin that is pulled into the pressure nip by rotation of at least the first pressure roll, such that the resin fills the cavities of the mold roll under pressure of the molding nip to form discrete projections extending from a layer of the resin that is carried on the mold roll surface through the pressure nip; and a frame supporting the mold roll and adapted to apply a load to urge the mold roll toward both the first and second pressure rolls to maintain pressure in the molding and pressure nips.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the mold roll and the first and second pressure rolls are arranged such that the layer of resin is carried on the mold roll through more than 180 degrees of mold roll rotation.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the mold roll is driven to rotate only by forces supplied by rotation of one or both of the first and second pressure rolls.
 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the mold roll and the frame are portions of a first molding module, the apparatus further comprising another molding module comprising: a second mold roll having an outer surface and defining discrete molding cavities extending into the second mold roll; and a second frame supporting the second mold roll and adapted to apply a load to urge the second mold roll toward both the first and second pressure rolls, to apply pressure at a second molding nip defined between the second mold roll and the first pressure roll, and to a second pressure nip defined between the second mold roll and the second pressure roll.
 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the resin nozzle is configured to supply the molten resin in multiple parallel flows to one or more pressure nips to form multiple layers of resin spaced apart across the apparatus.
 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the molten resin is supplied as a continuous stream to form a longitudinally continuous layer on the outer surface of the mold roll.
 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the outer surface of the mold roll is formed by peripheral edges of multiple plates stacked along the mold roll axis. 